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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 12:07 am
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Results for crime victimization
6 results foundAuthor: Charron, Mathieu Title: Police-reported Crime in Inuit Nunangat Summary: Recent history has brought Inuit communities face to face with particular challenges in terms of health, education, employment, income, and demography. As is the case for many other Aboriginal peoples around the world, many studies suggests that Inuit communities also face high crime rates. Inuit are one of three Aboriginal groups, defined in the Constitution Act of 1982, the other two being First Nations and Métis. Inuit are distinct from these two other groups, with their own unique history, language and culture. Inuit have lived in the northern region of what is now called Canada for more than 5,000 years. Until relatively recently, they lived a nomadic lifestyle of hunting and fishing. Over the past few generations, Inuit life and culture have seen an accelerated transition from a traditional economy into permanent settlements. Although Inuit have largely shifted to Western social structures, such as an economy based on wages and formal education, some Inuit alive today were born on the land and lived a traditional nomadic lifestyle for the first part of their lives. According to the 2006 Census, 50,485 Inuit live in Canada. Of these, 39,475, or 78%, live in one of the four settled Inuit land-claims regions, known collectively as Inuit Nunangat, or “the place where Inuit live.” The Inuit population is young, with a median age of 22 years, compared with 40 years for the non-Aboriginal population. More than half of Inuit (56%) were aged 24 or under in 2006; among the non-Aboriginal population, less than one-third (31%) were 24 or younger. A number of studies have shown that criminal incidents are not distributed evenly across Canada, but are more prevalent in certain provinces, territories, metropolitan areas, regions and neighbourhoods. This is an exploratory study seeking to determine whether it is possible to measure police-reported crime for Inuit Nunangat, in the absence of Inuit-specific crime data. Since there is no reliable and complete information on the Aboriginal identity of the victims or perpetrators of crime, the current study is based on a geographical approach as a proxy for Inuit-specific information. In addition, we compare crime rates for communities based on alcohol restrictions. We look at some socio-economic indicators, but we do not fully explore the relationships between these indicators and crime patterns in the present study. The study focuses on communities where the Inuit live, rather than on individual Inuit. That is, it focuses on communities where more than 33% of the population self-identified as Inuit in the 2006 Census. All of these communities are part of the Inuit Nunangat, a vast territory that extends from Labrador to the Northwest Territories. The data in this report are from the Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey. These data are reported by police. Many criminal incidents do not come to the attention of the police, thus, the UCR data provide only a partial picture of total crime. In addition, Inuit are less likely than other Canadians to report incidents of victimization to the police because they fear their community’s reaction and because they lack confidence in the justice system. Other information comes from the 2006 Census of Population and the Homicide Survey. Finally, some Inuit Nunangat communities are excluded from parts of the analysis because data are unavailable. In particular, Inuit-inhabited communities of Nunavik are excluded from the analysis of the police-reported data. Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2010. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Crime and Justice Research Paper Series: Accessed September 8, 2010 at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-561-m/85-561-m2010020-eng.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Canada URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-561-m/85-561-m2010020-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 119770 Keywords: AboriginalsCrime StatisticsCrime Victimization |
Author: Grech, Katrina Title: Trends and Patterns in Domestic Violence Assaults: 2001 to 2010 Summary: Recent estimates suggest that close to 1.8 million Australians have been victims of domestic violence (Access Economics, 2004) and that nearly a quarter of all recent assaults are related to domestic violence (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). Although we now have fairly accurate estimates of the prevalence of domestic violence, it is difficult to fashion effective prevention strategies without an understanding of when, where and in what circumstances domestic violence occurs. Six years ago the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research published a report examining trends and patterns in domestic violence in NSW (People, 2005). The aim of this report is to update and extend People’s (2005) analysis. Section 1 of this report begins by describing trends and patterns of domestic assault in NSW between 2001 and 2010. A descriptive analysis of incidents of domestic assaults recorded by police in 2010 then follows. This includes information on the premises types on which incidents occur, temporal variation in incidents by time of day and day of week and the involvement of alcohol. Where relevant, details on nondomestic assault are included as a comparison. Section 1 also provides new information on regional variation in domestic assault. In Section 2, we explore characteristics of both victims and offenders involved in domestic assault. Key factors explored are the age, gender and Indigenous status of both the victim and the offender, as well as the victim-offender relationship. Section 3 then compares the general characteristics of victims who reported the most recent incident of domestic assault to the police with those who did not. For this last part of the analysis we used data from the regular crime victimisation survey collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2011. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper no. 61: Accessed August 11, 2011 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB61.pdf/$file/BB61.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB61.pdf/$file/BB61.pdf Shelf Number: 122362 Keywords: Crime VictimizationDomestic AssaultDomestic Violence (Australia)Family ViolenceVictims of Family Violence |
Author: Pleasence, Pascoe Title: Civil Legal Problems: Young People, Social Exclusion and Crime Summary: This briefing presents findings from the 2010 wave of the Civil and Social Justice Panel Survey (CSJPS), alongside supplementary findings from the earlier (but larger) 2006-9 Civil and Social Justice Survey (CSJS). The 2010 survey indicates that young people (aged 16 to 24) experience civil legal problems at a rate similar to that of the population as a whole, although problems are most common for those between their mid-twenties and mid-forties. Young people report high levels of certain types of problems, including those concerning rented housing, welfare benefits and debt. Young people ranked civil legal problems concerning education as the most severe, followed closely by family problems. Young people pointed to lack of money being a cause of problems more often than others, with loss of income and employment problems also commonly mentioned. Young people also indicated violence to be a cause of problems more frequently than others. Stress-related illness was commonly mentioned as being both a cause and consequence of problems. In all, 24% of problems faced by young people led to illness of some description, with knock on demand on health services. Loss of income and loss of confidence were also common consequences of problems for young people, and they were much more likely than others to point to negative impact on their education. Some problems experienced by young people were interlinked. One visible problem cluster involved problems concerning rented housing, crime victimisation, anti-social neighbours and consumer issues, further linked to money, debt and employment problems. Reported levels of crime victimisation were similar for all people under the age of retirement, though the youngest respondents to the 2010 CSJPS more often reported having been victims of robbery and assault. Within young people as a whole, lone parents, victims of crime, those who had recently had contact with the police, those with mental health problems, those who admitted drug use, those who were socially isolated and those not in education, employment or training reported civil legal problems more often. In all, 80% of all young people reporting civil legal problems fell in one category of vulnerability. Young people falling into multiple categories of vulnerability became increasingly more likely to report problems. Vulnerable young people also tended to report problems of greater severity. The types of problems reported by vulnerable young people were different to those reported by other young people. For example, those not in education, employment or training reported high levels of housing problems and relatively high levels of debt and family related problems. Those recently arrested reported high levels of homelessness and problems concerning money and rented housing. Young people more often did nothing to resolve problems and less often obtained formal advice. This was despite young people reporting many benefits of advice. In all, 62% of young respondents to the CSJPS reported that formal advice from another person or organisation led to improvements in their life circumstances, compared to 43% in the case of older respondents. Details: London: The Law Centres Federation and Youth Access, 2011. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2012 at http://youthaccess.org.uk/uploads/documents/Advice%20Publications/Civil_Legal_Problems_Social_Exclusion_and_Crime_FINAL.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://youthaccess.org.uk/uploads/documents/Advice%20Publications/Civil_Legal_Problems_Social_Exclusion_and_Crime_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 126703 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCrime StatisticsCrime VictimizationDisadvantaged YouthYoung Adults |
Author: Bateson, Regina Title: The Political Consequences of Crime Victimization in Latin America Summary: In the last two decades, violent crime rates in Latin America have increased exponentially. Though this is one of the most significant recent developments in the region, the political consequences of Latin America’s violent crime epidemic are largely unknown. Many scholars and commentators imply that the crime wave bodes ill for democracy in the region, suggesting that high levels of violent crime cause disillusionment with government, reduce mass political participation, and increase popular support for authoritarianism and mano dura. This paper evaluates the micro-foundations of that conventional wisdom. Analysis of data from the Latinobarómetro and LAPOP surveys consistently and convincingly shows that recent crime victimization is associated with increased political participation. Rather than becoming disenchanted or disempowered, Latin American crime victims are actually more politically active than comparable citizens who have not been victimized. Crime victimization has a more ambiguous relationship to political opinions. Victims are less satisfied with law enforcement than their non-victimized peers, and they are more likely to be concerned about crime as a public policy issue. Some regressions suggest that victims may have more pro-authoritarian views than their peers and may be more likely to support mano dura and vigilantism, but this result is not consistent across analysis of multiple surveys so the true relationship is difficult to ascertain. Details: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association 67th Annual National Conference, The Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Apr 02, 2009. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 29, 2013 at: http://sitemason.vanderbilt.edu/files/kyHPZ6/Bateson_CPW_April_14.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Central America URL: http://sitemason.vanderbilt.edu/files/kyHPZ6/Bateson_CPW_April_14.pdf Shelf Number: 127424 Keywords: Crime Statistics (Latin America)Crime VictimizationVictims of CrimeViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: de Rozas, Diego M. Fleitas Ortiz Title: Crime and Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional Country Profiles Summary: Latin America and the Caribbean is one of the regions most affected by violence and crime, but at the same time, has little available information about this problem. When data exist, it is not always presented in a comprehensive way, and usually suffers from reliability problems. Consequently, this publication intends to provide detailed and comprehensive information about the problem of insecurity in the region, using three different data sources. This will help to ensure not only a broad perspective but also to compare and validate the scope and quality of the different sources. One reason for that approach is that another of the publication's goals is precisely to contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics and limitations of security data. This document is a translation of the publication written in Spanish "Delito y Violencia en America Latina y el Caribe", where the reader can find a complete analysis, methodological notes, and a statistic Annex. Whereas this English version contains only the introduction, with a description of the main findings, and the "Country Profiles", which provide detailed information about each country. One of the information sources in this work is the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which primarily receives crime statistics from National Polices or Justice Ministries. Another source is the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which collects mortality data from each country, including violent deaths, provided by national health systems, with a detail of event characteristics, as well as the victims' age and sex. The last source was the Americas Barometer survey - Lapop, coordinated by Vanderbilt University in 2012, which contains questions on personal victimization and citizens' opinions on security, justice and the police in 24 countries from the region. The survey contains a sample of 38.631 cases. Regarding the three sources, we not only verified the internal consistency of their data, but we also compared them in order to identify problems or understand their differences. In the Lapop and PAHO cases, we also worked directly with their databases. In addition, this paper conducts statistical analyses to look for tentative explanations of, among other things, victimization levels, fear of crime, trust in the community and the police. We control these variables among themselves as well as with socio-demographic factors at the individual and aggregate (country) levels of analysis, conducting a cross-sectional comparison of countries, which can be found in the full Spanish version. When presenting this complex amount of information, we intended that the content be interesting to both academics and policy makers, as well as for a lay audience. Therefore, in order to facilitate its comprehension, the literature and analyses used have an intermediate level of difficulty. Also to this end, we left some coefficients or statistical analyses in footnotes or in the Annexes. Details: Buenos Aires: Associacion para Politicas Publicas, 2014. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: English Summary: Accessed August 11, 2014 at: http://www.app.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Crime-and-Violence-in-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Latin America URL: http://www.app.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Crime-and-Violence-in-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean.pdf Shelf Number: 132983 Keywords: Crime Statistics (Latin America; Caribbean)Crime VictimizationViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Shoji, Masahiro Title: Guilt Aversion and Peer Effects in Crime: Experimental and Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh Summary: The peer effects are considered to be a cause of the crime disparity across cities over time, but little is known how the effects occur. I conducted an artefactual field experiment in rural Bangladesh to uncover the mechanism of peer effects through the intrinsic motivation. I particularly disentangle two potential channels predicted by the guilt aversion preference; through the change in the guilt sensitivity and the second order beliefs. The validity of guilt aversion is also tested by using experiment and survey data. A novel contribution of this experiment is that it develops an approach to elicit the guilt sensitivity. I find that the behavioral patterns of experimental crime are consistent with the guilt aversion but not with the pure altruism or trustworthiness. The peer effects occur through the changes in the beliefs; when crime is common, individuals anticipate that the others expect higher risk of crime victimization, which in turn declines the guilt from committing crime. By using the survey data collected from the participant households, I show the validity of the elicited guilt sensitivity; individuals are less likely to suffer from property crime in the villages where the neighborhood have higher guilt sensitivity. Details: Tokyo: Faculty of Economics, Seijo University, 2012. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2017 at: http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~econseminar/Guilt%20Aversion.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Bangladesh URL: http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~econseminar/Guilt%20Aversion.pdf Shelf Number: 147290 Keywords: Broken Windows TheoryCrime VictimizationGuilt AversionPeer Effects |